genl, civil war

Sketch of country between Haxall's Landing and Charles City court hous...

Relief shown by hachures. Shows roads and trails, houses and names of residents, rivers and streams, and woodland and swamps. Sun print. Civil War salted paper maps. AL-9. LC Civil War maps (2nd ed.), 530.5 Ava... More

Genl. P.O., Washington, D.C. during American Civil War

Photograph showing east and north faces of the General Post Office building in Washington, D.C. In album: Benjamin Brown French "Photographs," p. 143. Notations: E. face, N. face. Reference copy in LOT 12251, ... More

Maj. Genl. Joe Hooker / From photographic negative in Brady's National...

Public domain portrait photograph, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Lines of Entrenchment for defence of Camps at City Point, Va., as laid...

Civil War

Bvt. Brig. Genl. J.E. Tourtelotte during American Civil War

Civil War Photograph Collection (Library of Congress). This record contains unverified, old data from caption card.

Brigadier Genl. Rosecranz - Print, Library of Congress collection

No. 75 U.S. Copyright Office. This record contains unverified data from PGA shelflist card. Associated name on shelflist card: Bufford.

Plan of works erected at Centreville, Va., by Union forces. Under dire...

Map shows the area surrounding Centreville in Fairfax County , Va., and includes the locations of abandoned Confederate fortifications on the outskirts of the town.

Parade march of the great Potomac Army, respectfully dedicated to Majo...

Music cover with head-and-shoulders portrait of Major Gen. McClellan, facing left.

Maj. Genl. George B. McClellan. American Civil War 1861-1865.

Full-length portrait, standing, facing right, right hand inside Union uniform.

First Bivouac [...] ford? of 7th regiment at Columbia Springs on Genl ...

Title inscribed below image. Gift, J.P. Morgan, 1919 (DLC/PP-1919:R1.2.527) Forms part of: Morgan collection of Civil War drawings.

Genl. Sigel. American Civil War 1861-1865.

General Franz Sigel, full-length portrait, in military dress with sword, facing right. Gift; Mrs. Norman P. Mason; 1963 Oct. In album: Cartes de visite portraits of U.S. Army officers, children, and others, p.... More

Major Genl. John E. Wool - Public domain graphic arts, Library of Cong...

73 U.S. Copyright Office. This record contains unverified data from PGA shelflist card. Associated name on shelflist card: Bufford.

Plan of Genl Q. A. Gillmore's position on Morris Island, Charleston S....

Shows the progression of earthworks constructed to allow Union forces to approach Fort Wagner. Gillmore's troops reached the ditch surrounding the fort on September 6. The Confederate forces abandoned the fort ... More

Brig. Genl. Turner Ashby - Early photography, Public domain image

Civil War Photograph Collection (Library of Congress). This record contains unverified, old data from caption card.

[Envelope addressed to Genl. Henry A. Wise, Roanoke Island, N. Carolin...

Handwritten envelope addressed to General Henry Alexander Wise of General & Staff Confederate States Infantry Regiment; bears 5-cent stamp. Gift; Tom Liljenquist; 2010; (DLC/PP-2010:105). Forms part of: Liljen... More

Genl. Franklin - Public domain book scan / drawing

Seated on a horse. Title inscribed below image. Gift, J.P. Morgan, 1919 (DLC/PP-1919:R1.2.68). Forms part of: Morgan collection of Civil War drawings.

Attack and capture of Fort Donelson, Tenn. by Genl. U.S. Grant U.S.A.

Shows troop locations around Fort Donelson, Tenn., on the Cumberland River, as the Union army prepared to attack. "Fought 14-15th February 1862." -- Page caption. Color coding indicates the location of Union an... More

John M. Palmer Maj Genl. American Civil War 1861-1865.

Bust portrait of officer in uniform. Title inscribed below image. Palmer was appointed Major General, 29 November 1862.\ Purchase; Conner & Rosenkranz; 1986; (DLC/PP-1986:108).

Mansion of the rebel Genl. Thomas F. Drayton, Hilton Head, S.C.

Photograph showing African American slave women and Union soldiers outside Drayton's house. Purchase; William A. Gladstone; 1995; (DLC/PP-1995:113.272). Gladstone's note: M22.

General plan of the field-fortifications around Corinth, Miss. : also ...

Relief shown by hachures and pictorially. Pen-and-ink in red and blue. Oriented with north to the bottom. LC Civil War maps (2nd ed.), 269 In the right lower corner: Engineer Department, March 3, 1863. Received... More

Genl Biard[sic]. American Civil War 1861-1865.

Bust portrait of military officer in uniform. Title inscribed lower left. Baird was appointed Brigadier General, 28 April 1862. Purchase; Conner & Rosenkranz; 1986; (DLC/PP-1986:108).

Map showing position of Union and Rebel armies, 28th to 30th Aug. 1862...

Shows the region surrounding Bull Run in Virginia, extending from the town of Centreville in the northeast to Brentsville in the southwest.

Flag of Genl Cleburne's Division, Confederate States of America

Title inscribed below image. Formerly Waud no. C-63. Gift, J.P. Morgan, 1919 (DLC/PP-1919:R1.2.990) Forms part of: Morgan collection of Civil War drawings.

Genl JJ Reynold[sic]. American Civil War 1861-1865.

Bust portrait of officer in uniform. Title inscribed lower left. Reynolds was appointed Brigadier General 17 September 1862. Purchase; Conner & Rosenkranz; 1986; (DLC/PP-1986:108).

Map of the field of Shiloh, near Pittsburgh Landing, Tenn., shewing th...

Scale 1:14,400. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 436 Annotated in ink: Transferred from Office of Chf. Engr., Defenses of Washington, to Eng'r. Dep't., Jan'y. 1866. Annotated in ink: Dep't. of the Mississippi. Show... More

Slaves of the rebel Genl. Thomas F. Drayton, Hilton Head, S.C.

Photograph showing a group portrait of African American men and women on a plantation. Date from Gladstone collection checklist. Purchase; William A. Gladstone; 1995; (DLC/PP-1995:113.265) No. "42" inscribed o... More

Copy of official plan of the siege of Fort Pulaski. Cockspur Island. S...

Shows a detailed drawing of Fort Pulaski on Cockspur Island and the other Confederate fortifications on Long Island in the middle of the Savannah River. Union fortifications on Big Tybee Island are also indicated.

Map of the country between Monterey, Tenn: & Corinth, Miss: showing th...

Relief shown by hachures. Includes houses, names of residents, fences, roads, railroads, vegetation, fields, and drainage. Differs from G3984.C8S5 1862 .M3 CW 267: lacks address of lithographer. Description de... More

R. W. Johnson, Brig. Genl. U.S.V.

Bust portrait of officer in uniform. Title inscribed below image. Johnson was appointed Brigadier General on 11 October 1861 and promoted to Major General after the Battle of Nashville. Purchase; Conner & Rosen... More

Major Genl. John A. Dix - Public domain graphic arts, Library of Congr...

41 U.S. Copyright Office. This record contains unverified data from PGA shelflist card. Associated name on shelflist card: Bufford.

Plan of the Battle of Glendale or Frazier's Farm. Virginia. 30th June ...

Shows the area of Henrico County that includes White Oak Creek and White Oak Swamp.

Genl Smith. American Civil War 1861-1865.

Bust portrait of officer in uniform. Title inscribed lower left. Smith was appointed Brigadier General on 13 August 1861. Purchase; Conner & Rosenkranz; 1986; (DLC/PP-1986:108). Alden F. Brooks enlisted in 1862... More

Position of 3rd Army Corps at Harrison's Landing, Va., July 9th 1862. ...

Gives Union Army positions around Harrison's Landing in Charles City County, Va., on July 9th, 1862, with details of the terrain and locations of headquarters for the following Union officers: David Bell Birney... More

Jont. Brannan, Brig Genl. U.S. Vols.

Bust portrait of officer in uniform. Title inscribed below image. Brannan served as Brigadier General from 28 September 1861 to 23 January 1865. Purchase; Conner & Rosenkranz; 1986; (DLC/PP-1986:108). Alden F. ... More

Part of the map of the Battlefield of South Mountains [sic], Sept. 14t...

Maryland, the District of Columbia, and the Potomac River

Map shewing [sic] advance of 6th Army Corps (Genl. John Sedgwick U.S.A...

In January of 1863 Joseph Hooker replaced Ambrose Burnside as commander of the Army of the Potomac. His first order of business was to dislodge R. E. Lee from his position outside of Fredericksburg. Hooker envi... More

Gettysburg battle-field. Battle fought at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1st, 2...

LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 324 Inset: Plan of the Soldiers National Cemetery. Uncolored. 6 x 12 cm. Endorsed (facsim.): I have examined Col. Bachelder's isometrical drawing of teh battle field of Gettysburg a... More

Map showing siege operations against forts Sumter and Wagner, between ...

Scale ca. 1:6,750. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 389 Shows drainage, roads, high and low water line, 6-ft. and 12-ft. depth curve, batteries, trenches, stockades, and a plan of Fort Wagner. Fort Sumter does not ... More

Great Battle of Murfreesboro, Tenn.--Jany, 2nd 1863: between the Union...

Public domain scan of American 19th-century print, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Genl Lees position, 1863, looking

Title inscribed lower right. Formerly Waud no. C-6. Gift, J.P. Morgan, 1919 (DLC/PP-1919:R1.2.933) Forms part of: Morgan collection of Civil War drawings.

Gettysburg battle-field. Battle fought at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1st, 2...

LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 322 Inset: Plan of the Soldiers National Cemetery. Uncolored. 6 x 13 cm. Bears a "Proof" mark in the lower left corner. Endorsed (facsim.): "I am perfectly satisfied with the accura... More

Plan of attack on Marie's Heights, Fredericksburg, Va. or 2nd Battle o...

Illustrates the placement of Union and Confederate forces during the Chancellorsville Campaign of April-May, 1863, culminating in the battle of Chancellorsville fought May 1-4, 1863. This map focuses on the Su... More

Plan of attack on Marie's Heights, Fredericksburg Va. By Maj. Genl. Jo...

Area depicted includes the Rappahannock River to the northeast, Taylor Hill to the northwest and Deep Run to the south. The Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad is also indicated. As part of Gen. Hooker's plan to... More

Majr. Genl. George G. Meade, at the battle of Gettysburg, July 3d. 186...

Union Maj. Gen. George G. Meade on horseback, with sword raised.

Gettysburg battle-field. Battle fought at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1st, 2...

LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 323 Inset: Plan of the Soldiers National Cemetery. Uncolored. 6 x 13 cm. Endorsed (facsim.): "I am perfectly satisfied with the accuracy with which the topography is delineated and ... More

Dan. E. Sickles Maj. Genl. U.S.A.

Print shows Daniel E. Sickles, full-length portrait, facing left, wearing military uniform, sitting on a horse, with right arm extended, with soldiers marching and on horseback in the background. The horse is s... More

The Battle of Chattanooga, Tenn. Novr. 24th & 25th 1863: between the u...

Currier & Ives : a catalogue raisonné / compiled by Gale Research. Detroit, MI : Gale Research, c1983, no. 0439

Genl Rawlings[sic]. American Civil War 1861-1865.

Bust portrait of officer in uniform. Title inscribed lower left. Rawlins was promoted to Brigadier General, 11 August 1863. Purchase; Conner & Rosenkranz; 1986; (DLC/PP-1986:108).

Genl. Thomas' new position 20th Septr. 3 p.m.

Map shows location of Union and Confederate troops between Missionary Ridge and West Chickamauga Creek. After Confederates succeeded in breaking through the Union lines, the bulk of the Union forces retreated ... More

Gettysburg battle-field. Battle fought at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1st, 2...

Scale not given. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 321 Inset: Plan of the Soldiers National Cemetery. Uncolored. 6 x 13 cm. Bears a "Proof" mark in the lower left corner. Endorsed (facsim.): I am perfectly satisfied... More

Military map of Suffolk & vicinity for Majr. Genl. J. A. Dix /

Shows fortifications, houses, names of residents, roads, railroads, and drainage. Relief shown by hachures. Ink and pencil on tracing cloth, in three sections, mounted on cloth. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 661... More

Chancellorsville, Va. Position of the 11th Corps at 6 p.m. May 2nd 186...

Map shows the position of Union and Confederate troops in the area surrounding Chancellorsville, Va., at 6 p.m. on May 2, 1863. By late afternoon on May 2, Stonewall Jackson's troops had moved deeper into the ... More

Genl Warren on Round Top. American Civil War 1861-1865.

Signed lower left: ARW. Title inscribed lower right. Gift, J.P. Morgan, 1919 (DLC/PP-1919:R1.2.311) Forms part of: Morgan collection of Civil War drawings.

Plan of the battle of Salem Church or Salem Heights, Va. Attack and re...

The Battle of Salem Church, Spotsylvania County, Va., was part of the Chancellorsville Campaign of April-May, 1863, and was actually fought on May 4, 1863. NOTE: Researchers will be served a color photocopy of... More

Genl. Q. A. Gillmore's line of earthworks in front of Fort Wagner, Mor...

Map depicts the siege of Fort Wagner, Morris Island, Charleston Harbor, S.C. Details include the locations of swamps, marshes, and sand ridges, and the elaborate earthworks and trenches constructed by Union tro... More

Sword Presentation by Crawfords division to Genl. Meade

Signed lower right: A.R. Waud. Title inscribed upper left. Published in: Harper's Weekly, October 3, 1863, p. 636. Gift, J.P. Morgan, 1919 (DLC/PP-1919:R1.2.684) Forms part of: Morgan collection of Civil War drawings.

Gettysburg Battlefield. Battle fought at Gettysburg, Pa. July 1st, 2d ...

Perspective map not drawn to scale. Cover title: Gettysburg Battlefield directory, with index. LC Civil War maps (2nd ed.) 324.2 Includes "Plan of the soldiers national cemetary." Accompanied by: Gettysburg Bat... More

Map of Field of Occupation, Army of the Potomac, [from Dumfries south ...

Civil War

Battle of Wilson's Creek - fall of Genl. Lyon

Nathaniel Lyon falling from horse after being shot in the Civil War, Wilson's Creek, Mo., Aug. 10, 1861. Engraving by H.B. Hall. Drawing by F.O.C. Darley. In: Abbott, The Civil War, vol. 1, p. 275 (E468.A135). ... More

[Map and inset ground] Plan of the Fortification [Fort Hindman] at Pos...

Civil War

Point Lookout, Md. View of Hammond Genl. Hospital & U.S. genl. depot f...

Scale not given. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 257 Sixty-three sites are listed in the margin and keyed by number to the appropriate position in the view. Inset: Headquarters of the general commanding St. Mary's... More

Richmond, Petersburg, and vicinity Genl. Grant's campaign war map /

Public domain scan of a railway map, transportation, industrial development, free to use, no copyright restrictions - Picryl description.

"Atlanta campaign," left wing 16th Army Corps., May 4th to Sept. 8th, ...

Shows dates, troop positions, and campsites in northwestern Georgia between Chattanooga and Atlanta. Relief shown by hachures. Gift; Miss Eleanor Sherman Fitch; July 7, 1942. Blue print. LC Civil War maps (2nd ... More

Map illustrating the defence [sic] of Savannah, Ga. and the operations...

Shows fortifications, headquarters, and location and dates of battles. Relief shown by hachures. Gift; Miss Eleanor Sherman Fitch; July 7, 1942. LC Civil War maps (2nd ed.), S189, 208 Available also through the... More

Genl. Cases approach to the Ostenugua [sic]. May 15, 1864. Right or We...

Title inscribed above and below image. Formerly Waud no. B-44. Gift, J.P. Morgan, 1919 (DLC/PP-1919:R1.2.809) Forms part of: Morgan collection of Civil War drawings.

Narrow escape of Genl. Meade 1864

Title inscribed below image. Inscribed below title (continued on verso): Some cavalry dashing out of the woods suddenly upon the genl. and his attendants came very near cutting off their retreat and making a ca... More

Sherman's march from Atlanta to the sea. Drawn from official map of Br...

Includes portions of Tennessee and Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah, highlighting Sherman's March to the Sea, also referred to as the Savannah Campaign of 15 November to 21 December 1864.

Lt. Genl. A.P. Stewart, Confederate States of America.

Title inscribed below image. Formerly Waud no. B-158. Gift, J.P. Morgan, 1919 (DLC/PP-1919:R1.2.922) Forms part of: Morgan collection of Civil War drawings.

Genl. Sherman's campaign war map. - Public domain map

Map covering most of Georgia and South Carolina, showing defenses along the sea coast and around the principal towns, Confederate prisons at Andersonville and south of Millen, Ga., roads, railroads, towns, drai... More

Map showing Genl. Sherman's march from Chattanooga to Atlanta.

Map shows an overview of Genl. Sherman's march from Chattanooga, Tenn., to Atlanta, Ga., in the summer of 1864.

Headquarters of Genl Meade of Jerusalem Plank road

Picryl description: Public domain historical photo of camp, free to use, no copyright restrictions image.

Map showing the investment and siege of Savannah, Georgia by Genl Sher...

Regional view of Savannah, Ga., with the many landforms (rivers, sounds, swamps, islands) noted as well as the locations of forts Jackson and Pulaski. The Savannah & Gulf Railroad, Georgia Central Railroad, and... More

Plan of Siege Operations Against Fort Morgan by the U.S. Forces, under...

"Fortifications Map File" Plans of Military Forts

The first of May 1865 of Genl. Movingday in Richmond Virginia

Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1865 by H. & W. Voight in the Clerks Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York. Published by H. & W. Voight. Lith. by Kimmel & Forster, ... More

City Point Genl. Hd.qts-- 1864-5

Title inscribed below image. Gift, J.P. Morgan, 1919 (DLC/PP-1919:R1.2.78) Forms part of: Morgan collection of Civil War drawings.

Plan of the battle of Five Forks, Va., April 1st 1865 : fought by 5th ...

This map depicts the Five Forks area of Dinwiddie County, Va., where Confederate forces under Gen. George E. Pickett tried to hold off the Union advance on Petersburg and the important South Side Railroad. Inc... More

Military map showing the marches of the United States forces under com...

Scale 1:1,584,000 (25 miles equal 1 inch). LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 73 Another issue (reduced). Detailed map of the southeastern United States showing fortifications, "movements of Genl. J. H. Wilson's Cava... More

Lt. Genl. U.S. Grant at his headquarters before Petersburg, Virginia /...

Photo shows Ulysses S. Grant, full-length portrait, seated in camp, facing slightly right; montage, combining watercolor and photograph. Copyright 1865 by Anthony Berger. Exhibited: "150th Anniversary of the C... More

Military map showing the marches of the United States forces under com...

Scale 1:1,267,200 (20 miles equal 1 inch). LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 75 Another issue. Ferd. Mayer, gen'l. lith., N.Y. Detailed map of the southeastern United States showing fortifications, "movements of Gen... More

Genl. Mitchell of Columbus, Ohio. American Civil War 1861-1865.

Bust portrait of officer in uniform. Title inscribed below image. Mitchell was appointed Brigadier General, 12 January 1865. Purchase; Conner & Rosenkranz; 1986; (DLC/PP-1986:108).

Richmond : surveyed under the direction of N. Michler, Maj. of Engrs. ...

Relief shown by hachures. Shows military fortifications in red and blue. Sun print pasted on sheet with title information and at bottom: "surveyed & drawn by Maj. J.E. Weyss & L. Dessex, assisted by Theillaihl,... More

Map showing route of marches of the army of Genl. W. T. Sherman from A...

Battle field of Lexington, Mo., showing plan of earthwork defended by ...

Scale 1:2400. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 302 "Compliments of Henry C. Chiles." Shows fortifications, troop positions, vegetation, drainage, streets, and relief by hachures and spot heights. Important sites ar... More

Map of the country between Millikens Bend, La. and Jackson, Miss. shew...

Scale 1:126,720. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 261 Drawn by: Maj. O. H. Matz, Asst. Eng. & 1st Lt. L. Helmle, 3d Mo. Vols. Inft. Surveys by: 1st Lt. P. C. Hains, U.S. Eng. & Asst. Engrs. Ulffers, Wrigley, Tunica... More

[Map of the country between Millikens Bend, La. and Jackson, Miss. she...

Scale 1:126,720. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 262 Another edition. Similar to the preceding map but drawn on stone by Hoffmann and lithographed by Gedney instead of Bien. This edition denotes the positions of t... More

Military reconnaissance in the vicinity of Gauley Bridge, Department o...

Public domain scan of a vintage map, city plan, atlas, cartoghraphy, free to use, no copyright restrictions - Picryl description.

Map illustrating the defence of Savannah, Ga. and the operations resul...

Scale ca. 1:85,000. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 207 The following inscription in the author's handwriting is reproduced above the title: Washington, D.C., Sept 17th 1881. Transmitted to the office of the Chief... More

Genl Butler holding the mob in check at New Orleans

Benjamin Franklin Butler, Civil War Union army Major General, stands on the portico of a marble building with the American flag waving overhead. With a stern expression and arms folded, he appears before a mob... More

Genl. Robt. E. Lee / J.L. Giles lith.

Head-and-shoulders portrait, facing left. Public domain scan of American 19th-century print, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Genl. Shields at the battle of Winchester, Virginia 1862

Currier & Ives : a catalogue raisonné / compiled by Gale Research. Detroit, MI : Gale Research, c1983, no. 2516

Major Genl. Henry W. Halleck General in chief of the armies of the U.S...

Henry W. Halleck, full-length portrait, wearing military uniform, seated on rearing horse. 456(?) U.S. Copyright Office. Copyright by Currier & Ives. Currier & Ives : a catalogue raisonné / compiled by Gale Res... More

W.T. Sherman, Maj. Genl., U.S.A.. American Civil War 1861-1865.

This record contains unverified data from PGA shelflist card (copy of P&AGA card). Associated name on shelflist card: Ehrgott, Forbriger & Company, Cincinnati. The same stone with only a change of face was used... More

Joe Hooker, Maj. Genl., U.S.A.. American Civil War 1861-1865.

This record contains unverified data from PGA shelflist card (copy of P&AGA catalog card). Associated name on card: Ehrgott, Forbriger & Company, Cincinnati. "10 3/4 inches h. x 9 3/4" inches w." The same stone... More

Bombardment and capture of Fredericksburg, Virginia-Dec. 11th 1862: By...

Currier & Ives : a catalogue raisonné / compiled by Gale Research. Detroit, MI : Gale Research, c1983, no. 0659.

Majr. Genl. George B. McClellan: at the Battle of Antietam, Md. Sept. ...

Currier & Ives : a catalogue raisonné / compiled by Gale Research. Detroit, MI : Gale Research, c1983, no. 4260

Nathl. Lyon, Brig. Genl., U.S.A. Killed at the battle of Springfield, ...

This record contains unverified data from PGA shelflist card (copy of P&AGA catalog card). Associated name on shelflist card: Ehrgott, Forbriger & Company, Cincinnati. "After life's fitful fever, he sleeps well... More

Genl. Tom Thumb & wife, Com. Nutt & Minnie Warren: four wondrously for...

Currier & Ives : a catalogue raisonné / compiled by Gale Research. Detroit, MI : Gale Research, c1983, no. 2524

Lieut. Genl. U.S. Grant / lith. by A. Hoen & Co. Balto.

Print shows Ulysses S. Grant, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing right, wearing military uniform. 27540 U.S. Copyright Office. Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1864 by Geo. M. Lanokton [sic], ... More

Washington. Equesn. statue of Genl. Washington / lith. by E. Sachse & ...

Print shows a man and two women standing in front of a statue of George Washington seated on horseback. Stamped in ink at bottom: Division of Maps Library of Congress Nov. 9, 1911.

Rebel prisoners captured in the charge of Genl. Wrights Corps--running...

Signed lower right: A.R.Waud. Title inscribed below image. Inscribed within image: Rough field. Published in: Harper's Weekly, June 4, 1864, p. 361. Gift, J.P. Morgan, 1919 (DLC/PP-1919:R1.2.752) Reference prin... More