H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, and elephant, Terai

Photographs of India in the middle of 19th century.

The House of Windsor is the royal house of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. Founded by Ernest Anton, the sixth duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, it is the royal house of several European monarchies, and branches currently reign in Belgium through the descendants of Leopold I, and in the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms through the descendants of Prince Albert. It succeeded the House of Hanover as monarchs in the British Empire following the death of Queen Victoria. The name was changed from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to the English Windsor in 1917 because of anti-German sentiment in the British Empire during World War I. Windsors were originally a branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha that have provided five British monarchs to date, including four kings and the present queen, Elizabeth II. The name had a long association with the monarchy in Britain.

India 1850-1930 from Library of Congress and Europeana.

The Diminished Class. Faces of Monarchies. Portraits of disappeared, replaced but survived class.

On 10 December 1936, Edward VIII executed an Instrument of Abdication. The following day, Edward gave Royal Assent to His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act, by which Edward VIII and any children he might have were excluded from succession to the throne. The official account is that King Edward VIII abdicated the British throne in December 1936 to marry Wallis Simpson, a twice-divorced American socialite. Up until it was changed to “Windsor” during World War I, the British royal family’s name of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha made clear their strong German origins. The future King Edward VIII, known as David to his friends and family, was close to his German cousins, and strongly embraced German culture. When Edward became king following his father’s death in January 1936, Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin stepped in, ordering Mi5 surveillance of the king. Edward's phones were tapped, and members of the Scotland Yard security team were required to provide information about the king they were charged with protecting. Hoover's FBI too began its own file on the couple, closely monitoring their visits to the United States and several memos of the Duke and Duchess of Windsor’s pro-German allegiances were sent to Franklin Roosevelt. After the abdication, Edward and his wife styled the Duke and Duchess of Windsor went to a decades-long semi-exile in continental Europe. When Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party began its rise to power in the late 1920s and early 1930s, many in Europe, Edward included, applauded the economic recovery of war-torn Germany. Documents, including recently declassified, suggest that the couple had pro-Nazi sympathies and were involved in a failed plot to overthrow the British crown during World War II. Edward purportedly told a German relative in 1933 that it was “no business of ours to interfere in Germany’s internal affairs either re Jews or re anything else... Dictators are very popular these days. We might want one in England before long.” Wallis Simpson also was rumored to have long-term affair with Joseph von Ribbentrop while he served as Germany’s ambassador to Britain in the mid-1930s passing confidential British government secrets gleaned from personal dispatches. In his memoirs, the Duke of Windsor would dismiss Hitler as a “somewhat ridiculous figure, with his theatrical posturings and his bombastic pretensions.” But in private, he claimed that Hitler was “not such a bad chap,” and frequently blamed any number of groups, including the British government, America, and even Jews themselves for causing World War II.

Samuel Bourne was a British photographer best known for his pioneering work in India in the 19th century. Born in Staffordshire, England in 1834, he began his career as an engraver. He soon turned to photography and became one of the most important photographers of his time. In 1863, Bourne travelled to India to photograph the country's landscape and architecture. He spent several years travelling throughout the country, taking thousands of photographs that captured the beauty and diversity of India. His photographs were highly regarded for their technical excellence and artistic quality. Bourne's work was instrumental in shaping Western perceptions of India in the 19th century. His photographs were widely published in books and magazines and helped to create a romantic image of India as a land of exotic beauty and mystery. Bourne continued to work as a photographer until his death in 1912. Today, his photographs are considered some of the most important examples of early travel photography and continue to inspire photographers and artists around the world.

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