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KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The Dawn spacecraft arrives on Launch Pad 17-B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. At the pad, Dawn will be lifted into the mobile service tower and prepared for mating with the awaiting Delta II rocket. Dawn is scheduled for launch in a window from 7:25 to 7:54 a.m. Sept. 26 from CCAFS. During its nearly decade-long mission, the Dawn mission will study the asteroid Vesta and dwarf planet Ceres, celestial bodies believed to have accreted early in the history of the solar system. To carry out its scientific mission, the Dawn spacecraft will carry a visible camera, a visible and infrared mapping spectrometer, and a gamma ray and neutron spectrometer, whose data will be used in combination to characterize these bodies. In addition to the three instruments, radiometric and optical navigation data will provide data relating to the gravity field and thus bulk properties and internal structure of the two bodies. Data returned from the Dawn spacecraft could provide opportunities for significant breakthroughs in our knowledge of how the solar system formed. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller KSC-07pd2424
VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. – Technicians prepare to roll the mobile service tower away from the United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket carrying NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2, or OCO-2, at Space Launch Complex 2 on Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. Launch of OCO-2 is scheduled for 5:56 a.m. EDT on July 2 following the repair of the pad's water suppression system, which failed on the first launch attempt July 1. OCO-2 is NASA’s first mission dedicated to studying atmospheric carbon dioxide, the leading human-produced greenhouse gas driving changes in Earth’s climate. OCO-2 will provide a new tool for understanding the human and natural sources of carbon dioxide emissions and the natural "sinks" that absorb carbon dioxide and help control its buildup. The observatory will measure the global geographic distribution of these sources and sinks and study their changes over time. To learn more about OCO-2, visit http://www.nasa.gov/oco2. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett KSC-2014-3091
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- After being rotated from a horizontal to vertical position, the canister that contains the Raffaello multi-purpose logistics module, or MPLM, for the STS-135 mission, has been lowered onto a transportation vehicle in the Canister Rotation Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Commander Chris Ferguson, Pilot Doug Hurley and Mission Specialists Sandra Magnus and Rex Walheim are targeted to lift off on space shuttle Atlantis July 8, taking with them the MPLM packed with supplies, logistics and spare parts to the International Space Station. The STS-135 mission also will fly a system to investigate the potential for robotically refueling existing spacecraft and return a failed ammonia pump module to help NASA better understand the failure mechanism and improve pump designs for future systems. STS-135 will be the 33rd flight of Atlantis, the 37th shuttle mission to the space station, and the 135th and final mission of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. For more information, visit www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts135/index.html. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller KSC-2011-4440
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The payload canister containing the Italian-built U.S. Node 2 module, called Harmony, begins taking its cargo to Launch Pad 39A. At the pad, the canister will be lifted to the payload changeout room and the module transferred inside. The payload will be installed in space shuttle Discovery's payload bay after the vehicle rolls out to the pad. Discovery is targeted for launch to the International Space Station for mission STS-120 on Oct. 23. The pressurized module will act as an internal connecting port and passageway to additional international science labs and cargo spacecraft. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton KSC-07pd2593
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - After arriving at Launch Pad 17-B on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the STEREO spacecraft waits for a crane to be fitted over it and be lifted into the mobile service tower. STEREO will be mated with its launch vehicle, a Boeing Delta II rocket. STEREO stands for Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory and comprises two spacecraft. The STEREO mission is the first to take measurements of the sun and solar wind in 3-dimension. This new view will improve our understanding of space weather and its impact on the Earth. The STEREO mission is managed by Goddard Space Flight Center. The Applied Physics Laboratory designed and built the spacecraft. The laboratory will maintain command and control of the observatories throughout the mission, while NASA tracks and receives the data, determines the orbit of the satellites, and coordinates the science results. STEREO is expected to lift off Oct. 25. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton KSC-06pd2264
At Launch Pad 36A, Cape Canaveral Air Station, a Centaur upper stage is moved into place above the lower stage Lockheed Martin Atlas IIA rocket. The Lockheed Martin-manufactured Centaur IIA is powered by two Pratt & Whitney turbopump-fed engines, producing a total thrust of 41,600 pounds. The rocket is scheduled to launch the NASA GOES-L satellite on May 15, at the opening of a launch window which extends from 2:23 to 4:41 a.m. EDT. Once in orbit, the satellite will become GOES-11, joining GOES-8, GOES-9 and GOES-10 in space. The fourth of a new advanced series of geostationary weather satellites for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), GOES-L is a three-axis inertially stabilized spacecraft that will provide pictures and perform atmospheric sounding at the same time. Once launched, the satellite will undergo checkout and then provide backup capabilities for the existing, aging operational satellites KSC-99pp0428
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – In the transfer aisle of the Vehicle Assembly Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the conjoined forward and center segments of the fifth segment simulator for the Ares I-X is secured to the simulator’s aft segment. Ares I-X is the test vehicle for the Ares I, a component of the Constellation Program to return men to the moon and beyond. Ares I is the essential core of a safe, reliable, cost-effective space transportation system that eventually will carry crewed missions back to the moon, on to Mars and out into the solar system. The launch of the Ares I-X flight test is targeted for August 2009. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann KSC-2009-3251
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - The payload canister containing the equipment and hardware for space shuttle Atlantis’ STS-125 mission to the Hubble Space Telescope is moved from the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, to the canister rotation facility. The canister will be transferred to Launch Pad 39A and the payload will be loaded into Atlantis’ payload bay. Launch of Atlantis is targeted for Oct 10. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller KSC-08pd2742
At Launch Pad 36A on the Cape Canaveral Air Station, the first stage of a Lockheed Martin Atlas II rocket has been lifted into an upright position. The rocket will be used to launch the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-L (GOES-L). GOES-L is the latest in the current series of advanced geostationary weather satellites in service. Once in orbit, it will become GOES-11 and function as an on-orbit spare to be activated when one of the operational satellites needs to be replaced. Launch is scheduled for Saturday, May 15 at the opening of a launch window which extends from 2:23 to 4:41 a.m. EDT KSC-99pp0424
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KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers prepare to close the payload bay doors of the Space Shuttle Atlantis in preparation for the planned Sept. 25 liftoff of Mission STS-86. The primary payload is the SPACEHAB Double Module, at center, which will be used mainly as a large pressurized cargo container for the three-and-a-half tons of science/logistical equipment and supplies to be exchanged between Atlantis and the Russian Space Station Mir. STS-86 will be the seventh docking of the Space Shuttle with the Mir. The 10-day flight also is scheduled to include the transfer of the sixth American to live and work aboard the Russian orbiting outpost. Liftoff of Atlantis and its seven-member crew is targeted for 10:34 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A KSC-97PC1397
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Final preparations are under way to close the payload bay doors of the Space Shuttle Atlantis for the planned Sept. 25 liftoff of Mission STS-86. The primary payload is the SPACEHAB Double Module, shown at top center. SPACEHAB will be used mainly as a large pressurized cargo container for the three-and-a-half tons of science/logistical equipment and supplies to be exchanged between Atlantis and the Russian Space Station Mir. STS-86 will be the seventh docking of the Space Shuttle with the Mir. The 10-day flight also is scheduled to include the transfer of the sixth American to live and work aboard the Russian orbiting outpost. Liftoff of Atlantis and its seven-member crew is targeted for 10:34 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A KSC-97PC1398
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Final preparations are under way to close the payload bay doors of the Space Shuttle Atlantis for the planned Sept. 25 liftoff of Mission STS-86. The primary payload is the SPACEHAB Double Module, part of which can be seen at top center. SPACEHAB will be used mainly as a large pressurized cargo container for the three-and-a-half tons of science/logistical equipment and supplies to be exchanged between Atlantis and the Russian Space Station Mir. STS-86 will be the seventh docking of the Space Shuttle with the Mir. The 10-day flight also is scheduled to include the transfer of the sixth American to live and work aboard the Russian orbiting outpost. Liftoff of Atlantis and its seven-member crew is targeted for 10:34 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A KSC-97PC1399
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- With its rotating service structure (RSS) rotated back, the Space Shuttle Atlantis appears ready for flight at Launch Pad 39A. But there are still about three weeks of preparations until the planned launch of Mission STS-86 on Sept. 25. The RSS is rolled back to allow for the insertion of the major payload, the SPACEHAB Double Module, into the orbiter’s cargo bay. SPACEHAB will be used to transport items to and from the Russian Space Shuttle Mir on Mission STS-86, which will be the seventh docking of the Shuttle with the Mir. About three-and-a-half tons of science/logistical equipment and supplies will be exchanged between Atlantis and the Mir during the mission. STS-86 Mission Specialist David A. Wolf will transfer to the Russian space station, replacing NASA astronaut and Mir 24 crew member C. Michael Foale, who will return to Earth on Atlantis. Liftoff is targeted for Sept. 25 KSC-97pc1338
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- With its rotating service structure (RSS) rotated back, the Space Shuttle Atlantis appears ready for flight at Launch Pad 39A. But there are still about three weeks of preparations until the planned launch of Mission STS-86 on Sept. 25. The RSS is rolled back to allow for the insertion of the major payload, the SPACEHAB Double Module, into the orbiter’s cargo bay. SPACEHAB will be used to transport items to and from the Russian Space Shuttle Mir on Mission STS-86, which will be the seventh docking of the Shuttle with the Mir. About three-and-a-half tons of science/logistical equipment and supplies will be exchanged between Atlantis and the Mir during the mission. STS-86 Mission Specialist David A. Wolf will transfer to the Russian space station, replacing NASA astronaut and Mir 24 crew member C. Michael Foale, who will return to Earth on Atlantis. Liftoff is targeted for Sept. 25 KSC-97PC1339
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- With its rotating service structure (RSS) rotated back, the Space Shuttle Atlantis appears ready for flight at Launch Pad 39A. But there are still about three weeks of preparations until the planned launch of Mission STS-86 on Sept. 25. The RSS is rolled back to allow for the insertion of the major payload, the SPACEHAB Double Module, into the orbiter’s cargo bay. SPACEHAB will be used to transport items to and from the Russian Space Shuttle Mir on Mission STS-86, which will be the seventh docking of the Shuttle with the Mir. About three-and-a-half tons of science/logistical equipment and supplies will be exchanged between Atlantis and the Mir during the mission. STS-86 Mission Specialist David A. Wolf will transfer to the Russian space station, replacing NASA astronaut and Mir 24 crew member C. Michael Foale, who will return to Earth on Atlantis. Liftoff is targeted for Sept. 25 KSC-97PC1341
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- As Space Shuttle Atlantis lifts off from Launch Pad 39A on mission STS-101, twin columns of smoke from the solid rocket boosters trail behind. Liftoff occurred on time at 6:11:10 a.m. EDT. The mission is taking the crew of seven to the International Space Station to deliver logistics and supplies as well as to prepare the Station for the arrival of the Zvezda Service Module, expected to be launched by Russia in July 2000. Also, the crew will conduct one space walk and will reboost the space station from 230 statute miles to 250 statute miles. This will be the third assembly flight to the Space Station. After a 10-day mission, landing is targeted for May 29 at 2:19 a.m. EDT. This is the 98th Shuttle flight and the 21st flight for Shuttle Atlantis KSC-00pp0653
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A longer view is seen of the payload on Space Shuttle Atlantis for mission STS-101 prior to door closure. In the center is the SPACEHAB double module. On the lower right end are two GetAway Special (GAS) student experiments, MARS and SEM-06. The primary mission is to deliver logistics and supplies to the International Space Station, plus prepare the Station for the arrival of the Zvezda Service Module, expected to be launched by Russia in July 2000. The crew will conduct one spacewalk to perform maintenance on the Space Station. This will be the third assembly flight for the Space Station. STS-101 is scheduled to launch April 24 at 4:15 p.m. from Launch Pad 39A KSC-00pp0492
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A closeup of the payload bay on Space Shuttle Atlantis shows elements on the Integrated Cargo Carrier (lower part of photo) prior to door closure. The mission will deliver logistics and supplies to the International Space Station, plus prepare the Station for the arrival of the Zvezda Service Module, expected to be launched by Russia in July 2000. The crew will conduct one space walk to perform maintenance on the Space Station. This will be the third assembly flight for the Space Station. STS-101 is scheduled to launch April 24 at 4:15 p.m. from Launch Pad 39A KSC00pp0493
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers prepare to close the payload bay doors of the Space Shuttle Atlantis in preparation for the planned Sept. 25 liftoff of Mission STS-86. The primary payload is the SPACEHAB Double Module, at center, which will be used mainly as a large pressurized cargo container for the three-and-a-half tons of science/logistical equipment and supplies to be exchanged between Atlantis and the Russian Space Station Mir. STS-86 will be the seventh docking of the Space Shuttle with the Mir. The 10-day flight also is scheduled to include the transfer of the sixth American to live and work aboard the Russian orbiting outpost. Liftoff of Atlantis and its seven-member crew is targeted for 10:34 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A KSC-97PC1396
Summary
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers prepare to close the payload bay doors of the Space Shuttle Atlantis in preparation for the planned Sept. 25 liftoff of Mission STS-86. The primary payload is the SPACEHAB Double Module, at center, which will be used mainly as a large pressurized cargo container for the three-and-a-half tons of science/logistical equipment and supplies to be exchanged between Atlantis and the Russian Space Station Mir. STS-86 will be the seventh docking of the Space Shuttle with the Mir. The 10-day flight also is scheduled to include the transfer of the sixth American to live and work aboard the Russian orbiting outpost. Liftoff of Atlantis and its seven-member crew is targeted for 10:34 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A
The Space Shuttle program was the United States government's manned launch vehicle program from 1981 to 2011, administered by NASA and officially beginning in 1972. The Space Shuttle system—composed of an orbiter launched with two reusable solid rocket boosters and a disposable external fuel tank— carried up to eight astronauts and up to 50,000 lb (23,000 kg) of payload into low Earth orbit (LEO). When its mission was complete, the orbiter would re-enter the Earth's atmosphere and lands as a glider. Although the concept had been explored since the late 1960s, the program formally commenced in 1972 and was the focus of NASA's manned operations after the final Apollo and Skylab flights in the mid-1970s. It started with the launch of the first shuttle Columbia on April 12, 1981, on STS-1. and finished with its last mission, STS-135 flown by Atlantis, in July 2011.
Space Shuttle Atlantis was a space shuttle that was operated by NASA as part of the Space Shuttle program. It was the fourth operational shuttle built, and the last one to be built before the program was retired in 2011. Atlantis was named after the first research vessel operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and it made its first flight in October 1985. Over the course of its career, Atlantis completed 33 missions and spent a total of 307 days in space. Its last mission was STS-135, which was the final mission of the Space Shuttle program. Atlantis is now on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. Space Shuttle Atlantis (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-104) was one of the four first operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of NASA, the space agency of the United States. (The other two are Discovery and Endeavour.) Atlantis was the fourth operational shuttle built. Atlantis is named after a two-masted sailing ship that operated from 1930 to 1966 for the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. Atlantis performed well in 25 years of service, flying 33 missions.
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