Pilate at the left washing his hands (left side of sheet)

Italian Renaissance painting is most often be divided into four periods: the Proto-Renaissance (1300–1425), the Early Renaissance (1425–1495), the High Renaissance (1495–1520), and Mannerism (1520–1600). The city of Florence is renowned as the birthplace of the Renaissance, and in particular of Renaissance painting. From the early 15th to late 16th centuries, Italy was divided into many political states. The painters of Renaissance Italy wandered Italy, disseminating artistic and philosophical ideas. The Proto-Renaissance begins with the professional life of the painter Giotto and includes Taddeo Gaddi, Orcagna and Altichiero. The Early Renaissance style was started by Masaccio and then further developed by Fra Angelico, Paolo Uccello, Piero della Francesca, Sandro Botticelli, Verrocchio, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Giovanni Bellini. The High Renaissance period was that of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Andrea del Sarto, Coreggio, Giorgione, the latter works of Giovanni Bellini, and Titian. The Mannerist period, dealt with in a separate article, included the latter works of Michelangelo, as well as Pontormo, Parmigianino, Bronzino and Tintoretto.

Giambologna was an Italian sculptor known for his Mannerist style. He was born in Douai, Flanders (now in France) and trained in Antwerp before moving to Italy in 1550. He worked in Florence for most of his career, producing many important works for the Medici family. Giambologna's most famous sculptures include Mercury (also known as Flying Mercury), The Rape of the Sabine Women and Samson Slaying a Philistine. These works are characterised by their exaggerated poses, intricate details and dynamic compositions. Giambologna was also known for his ability to create bronze sculptures, which were highly valued during the Renaissance. His works can be found in many museums and public spaces around the world, including the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, the Louvre in Paris, and the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.

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• Pilate at the left washing his hands (left side of sheet), 1585. Creator