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Related
The Wealth of Montenegro. Montenegro's wealth is reckoned by livestock not by money. Money today in the Balkans is relatively worthless. The sturdy peasantry has gone back to ancient days merchandising, trading sheep for a suit of clothes or a goat for a sack of flour. This picture was taken on the "wealthiest" farm, owned by a Montenegrin who spent six years working in the Colorado mines. When American Red Cross workers sent through the district distributing relief supplies he was one of the few who offered aid instead of asking for it. Incidentally he had a Red Cross memebership card. His little flock was saved from the enemy during the war on account of the inaccessible location of the owner's home, which is in a remote mountain valley, a natural fortress
Most Fertile Valley in Montenegro. Perhaps there are one hundred acres of cultivable land in all of this valley in the interior of Montenegro, but it is by far the richest farm land in the country. Productive soil is one of the scarcest things in the little Balkan state, while Montenegrins say that they have more rocks and stones than all other nations together. But with all this the people of this country have to live off their farms almost entirely. During the war the enemy occupation production dwindled. After the armistice, when the American Red Cross arrived with relief, they found hundreds of children dying of malnutrition and the population in rags. Mobile medical units were sent into the farming district to look after the sick and tons of clothing and food distributed to the women and children
In the Mountains of Montenegro. An aged mountaineer and his wife in front of their one-room stone house in the heart of of the Black Mountain Country. Their condition, ragged and comfortless, is typical of these people today. Their only possession of any value is the cow in the foreground. This ownership gives them a standing in the community, because cattle are rare since the enemy invasion. It is this type of people: hard-working, innocent victims of a great world upheaval that the American Red Cross is trying to aid in its relief work in the Balkans
Life on Montenegrin Farm. A Montenegrin farmer and his family at home. Fertile land is very scarce in this Balkan Country and every farmer has been hard put since the war to obtain a living from his farm. The children of this family have been aided by the Junior Red Cross of America, by gifts of clothing and medical attention from American doctors and nurses. The family live in the shack to the left, the children sleeping on straw beds
Village Smithy Has Many Trades. A typical village blacksmith's shop in Podgoritza, Montenegro. The smithy in the Balkans is a jack of all trades. He pulls teeth, grinds the family knives, mends watches, repairs ploughshares and shoes, oxen, donkeys and horses. The people seated about his shop are peasants who are waiting for repairs to their farm implements. They are possessed of but one ploughshare or hoe and when it breaks they must hold up their work until it is repaired. This condition illustrates the reason why Balkan war reconstruction is slow. There are few tools to work with. The only aid received so far has been from America, the Red Cross bringing in a million dollars worth of modern farm machinery to sow and harvest the crops, meanwhile giving out clothing, food, and medicine in order that the people might live
Farming on a Mountain Side. Showing how the people of Montenegro, the rockiest, most mountainous country in Europe, have to build terraces for their gardens. The hillside from a distance presents the appearance of a huge flight of steps. Upon these small patches which must be worked by hand, the Montenegrin must raise enough to support his family. During the war the man power was reduced so the American Red Cross, upon bringing relief to the country after the armistice, found the majority of the women and children under fed. Note the overturned truck at the right. It tells the story of a load of Red Cross supplies that never reached their destination, the car sliding off the road
Ice Harvesting in Montenegro. American is not the only country that harvests ice. Montenegro has that industry also. During the winter months the snow packs deep in the mountain ravines. When the heat of the summer comes and brings out the beads of perspiration, the professional ice men go up to the ravines and cut out blocks of packed snow, which are transported by horse trains to the towns. Ice was thus supplied to the American Red Cross hospital in Podgoritza throughout the past year
In the Black Mountain Country. A typical view of Montenegro, picturesque but desolate and barren. It is known as the "Black Mountain" country because of the appearance of its rocky hills. Barren of all vegetation the peaks tower one above the other into the dim distance. Small mountain streams flow lazily through the valleys and ravines. Never able to raise more than is enough got their barest needs, the people were left destitute by the war and the occupation of the country by the enemy. Thousands were saved by the action of the American Red Cross in shipping hundreds of tons of relief supplies into the country. This picture was taken at the lower end of Lake Scutari, the most productive part of the country
Hoss Trading Days Revived. One of the livestock markets in Montenegro during a busy hour. Business is done in true Oriental fashion, the traders letting the prospective purchaser make the first approach. No effort is made to drum up trade it's not the Montenegrin way. This livestock is driven in for miles and respresents about all that the invading army left in the district. The shortage of cows proved serious to infant welfare of the country. American doctors and nurses finding thousands of undernourished women and children. To meet this emergency the Red Cross distributed tons of condensed milk and food along with its other relief supplies
The Best Farm in Montenegro. Here is the most fertile farm in the smallest and least productive of all the Balkan states, Montenegro. It consists of thirty acres and was bought with money earned in the American steel mills. For the owner emigrated to America and remained for six years. He returned and invested his savings in this land and is now considered wealthy by his fellow countrymen. He has three head of cattle and a flock of sheep and goats. His home, a one-room shack can be seen to the left. The fence that encloses his truck garden he built himself, weaving it from brush. He is one of the few who did not need American aid, which was brought to Montenegro by the Red Cross immediately after the armistice. This "prosperous" farm gives an idea of the condition of the other farmers of the country who have not so much or such fertile ground
Summary
Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card.
Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office.
Group title: General, Montenegro.
On caption card: (1/1820)
Used in: T.T. & C. March 4, 1920
Gift; American National Red Cross 1944 and 1952.
General information about the American National Red Cross photograph collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.anrc
Temp note: Batch 12
Nothing Found.
Tags
american red cross
montenegro
glass negatives
farm
american steel mills
american aid
balkan states
thirty acres
six years
fellow countrymen
three head
truck garden
ultra high resolution
high resolution
library of congress
paris
france
Date
01/01/1920
Location
montenegro
Source
Library of Congress
Link
Copyright info
No known restrictions on publication. For information, see "American National Red Cross photograph collection," http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/717_anrc.html