A class-book of botany, designed for colleges, academies, and other seminaries Illustrated by a flora of the northern, middle, and western states; particularly of the United States north of the (14764880384)

Identifier: classbookbotany00wood (find matches)
Title: A class-book of botany, designed for colleges, academies, and other seminaries ... Illustrated by a flora of the northern, middle, and western states; particularly of the United States north of the Capitol, lat. 38 3/4
Year: 1848 (1840s)
Authors: Wood, Alphonso, 1810-1881
Subjects: Botany Plants -- United States Plants -- Canada
Publisher: Boston, Crocker & Brewster
Contributing Library: The LuEsther T Mertz Library, the New York Botanical Garden
Digitizing Sponsor: The LuEsther T Mertz Library, the New York Botanical Garden



Text Appearing Before Image:
place at one orboth sutures, in a fruit with a simple carpel. Ex. pea. 5. An in-egular deliiscence, called circumscissile (circumscindo,to cut around), occurs in the plantain, verbena, henbane, &c.,where the top of the pericarp falls off like a lid. (Fig. 18; 16.) 116. The forms of the pericaii) are exceedingly diversified, and have beenstudied by botanists with great attention. The following varieties are generallydescribed in elementary works. 1. Capsule (a casket), is a term applied to those pericarpswhich are of a hard and woody texture, proceeding from a com-pound ovary, dehiscing at the side or top, by valves, or some-times by pores only. a. The capsule consists of only one cell, or is divided within 64 THE FRUIT. by dissepiments (85, c) into many cells. The central pillar, orsnbstance formed by the united placentas is called the colu-mella. To tliis the seeds are generally attached. The seed-vessels of the Lobeha, mullein, puik, poppy, bloodroot (San-gumaria), are capsules.
Text Appearing After Image:
FIG. 17. — Forms of fruit: 1, capsule of Rhododendron; 2, Nicoliana; 3, Colchicum;4, CEnothera; 5, silique of Raphanus ; 6, silicle of Capsella; 7, legume of the pea ; S, jointedlegume (loment) of Desmodium; 9, follicle of Apocynum; 10, nut of oak; 11, drupe ofCerasus. 2. Silique (a pod). Tliis is a long, narrow pericarp of twovalves, divided into two cells, by a false dissepiment formed bythe extended placentsB. The seeds are attached to the edgesof this dissepiment, alternating with its opposite sides. Ex.mustard, wallflower, and other CruciferEe. 3. Silicle (a little pod), differs from the silique, by beingshorter, and more nearly oval. Ex. pepper-gi*ass, shepherdspurse (Thlaspi). The silique and silicle are pecuhar to plantswith cruciform corollas. 4. Legume (also a pod), two-valved, one-celled, consists of asimple carpel, and thus differs essentially from the sihque. Itbeais its seeds attached to the margin of each valve alternately,along the ventral suture only. Ex. pea, and a