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A new and accurate chart of the Bay of Chesapeake, with all the shoals, channels, islands, entrances, soundings, and sailing-marks, as far as the navigable part of the rivers Patowmack, Patapsco and north-east.
Summary
Scale ca. 1:250,000.
Soundings shown in fathoms.
"Drawn from several draughts made by the most experienced navigators, chiefly from those of Anthony Smith, pilot of St. Marys; and compared with the modern surveys of Virginia and Maryland."
LC copy trimmed and mounted on cloth.
From the author's North-American pilot. 1776. v. 2.
Includes sailing directions, "Observations on the northeast current on the coast of Virginia," "Observations in the River Patowmack ... " descriptive text, and inset "A plan of Herring Bay in Maryland."
Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.
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The word portolan comes from the Italian adjective portolano, meaning "related to ports or harbors", or "a collection of sailing directions". Portolan charts are maps based on compass directions and estimated distances observed by the pilots at sea. They were first made in the 13th century in Italy, and later in Spain and Portugal where they considered to be state secrets. The English and Dutch found the description of Atlantic and Indian coastlines extremely valuable for their raiding, and later trading, ships. The oldest survived portolan is the Carta Pisana, dating from approximately 1296 and the oldest preserved Majorcan Portolan chart is the one made by Angelino Dulcert who produced a portolan in 1339.
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