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Coil winding section E, Westinghouse works /
Summary
Rows of women are shown at tables with winding machines. They wind using material from spools behind them, apparently putting the finished products on the table in front of them. Various supervisory staff, male and female, walk through the aisles, checking the work of the women.
H45402 U.S. Copyright Office
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Co.; 6May1904; H45402.
Original main title lacking.
Camera, G.W. "Billy" Bitzer.
Duration: 2:25 at 14 fps.
Viewing print (16 mm.) on reel with eight other titles.
Viewing print and dupe neg pic (35 mm.) include a pullback and 1 ft. of black; this printing error has been edited out in production of a digital file.
Biograph production no. 2889.
Paper print shelf number (LC 1985) was changed when the paper prints were re-housed.
Additional holdings for this title may be available. Contact reference librarian.
Filmed April 26, 1904, probably at the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. in East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Also available in digital form on the Library of Congress Web site.
Digital files are on the American Memory exhibit: Inside an American factory. See LC online catalog record no. 2002564464.
This film, along with 20 other short films, was selected for the National Film Registry under the title Westinghouse works.
Sources used: Copyright catalog, motion pictures, 1894-1912; Niver, K.R. Early motion pictures, 1985, p. 358; AFI cat.: film beginnings, 1893-1910, 1995; Biograph photo catalog, v. 6 [MI]; Biograph Co. prod. records [MI]; the Internet movie database WWW site, viewed 10-23-2012; M/B/RS preliminary catalog card.
Early motion pictures : the Paper Print Collection in the Library of Congress / by Kemp R. Niver. Library of Congress. 1985.
35 mm dupe neg pic renumbered: FPE 6855 to FZA 2323.
The height of the silent movie era (the 1910s-1920s) was a period of artistic innovation. Silent film stars had to use their faces to express every emotion — a skill that was lost on most actors when talkies replaced silent movies. Several silent stars including Wallace Beery, Shearer, Laurel and Hardy, Greta Garbo, and Janet Gaynor made a successful transition to talkies.
By 1908 there were 10,000 permanent movie theaters in the U.S. alone. For the first thirty years, movies were silent, accompanied by live musicians, sound effects, and narration. Until World War I, movie screens were dominated by French and Italian studios. During Great War, the American movie industry center, "Hollywood," became the number one in the world. By the 1920s, the U.S. was producing an average of 800 feature films annually, or 82% of the global total. Hollywood's system and its publicity method, the glamourous star system provided models for all movie industries. Efficient production organization enabled mass movie production and technical sophistication but not artistic expression. In 1915, in France, a group of filmmakers began experimenting with optical and pictorial effects as well as rhythmic editing which became known as French Impressionist Cinema. In Germany, dark, hallucinatory German Expressionism put internal states of mind onscreen and influenced the emerging horror genre. The Soviet cinema was the most radically innovative. In Spain, Luis Buñuel embraced abstract surrealism and pure aestheticism. And, just like that, at about its peak time, the silent cinema era ended in 1926-1928.
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