Katana InabaGo sword rotated. 16th century Japan. Public domain image.

A katana is a traditional Japanese sword characterised by its curved, single-edged blade, circular or square guard and long, two-handed grip. It is typically associated with samurai warriors and is considered one of the most iconic and revered weapons in Japanese history. The blade of a katana is usually around 60-75 centimetres (24-30 inches) long and has a distinctive curvature known as a "sori". This curvature allows for more efficient cutting and slicing movements. The blade is made from a special type of steel called tamahagane, which is forged in a labour-intensive process using several layers of steel with different carbon contents. This results in a strong, sharp and durable blade. The hilt of the katana, or tsuka, is long enough to fit both hands and is usually wrapped in a material called tsukamaki, which provides a secure and comfortable grip. The hilt also has a circular or square guard called a tsuba, which helps protect the hand during combat. Katana swords are known for their exceptional sharpness and cutting ability. Used primarily by samurai warriors in feudal Japan for hand-to-hand combat, they also had cultural and symbolic significance. The samurai regarded their katana as an extension of their soul and a symbol of their social status and honour. Today, katana swords are still made by skilled swordsmiths using traditional methods. They are highly sought after by collectors, martial artists and enthusiasts worldwide. While their practical use in combat has diminished, they continue to hold cultural and historical significance as a symbol of Japan's rich warrior heritage.