The animans and man; an elementary textbook of zoology and human physiology (1911) (14598378987)

Identifier: animansmanelemen00kell (find matches)
Title: The animans and man; an elementary textbook of zoology and human physiology
Year: 1911 (1910s)
Authors: Kellogg, Vernon L. (Vernon Lyman), 1867-1937 McCracken, Mary Isabel
Subjects: Zoology Physiology
Publisher: New York, H. Holt and company
Contributing Library: MBLWHOI Library
Digitizing Sponsor: MBLWHOI Library



Text Appearing Before Image:
ems. •/ (3). It gives form and rigidity to the body. In man, as in other vertebrate animals, the axial skeletonis formed of the bones of the skull, vertebral column orbackbone, ribs, and sternum. The bones of the skullprotect the brain. The vertebral column encloses the longdorsal nerve cord. The long, flat, curved ribs, articulatingat the back with the vertebral column and in front withthe sternum, protect the heart and lungs in the thoraciccavity (fig. 159). The large hip bones (pelvic bones, figs.166, S and 159, P) form a sort of basket for the supportof the organs of the abdominal cavity. The bones of the legs and arms form the appendicularskeleton. The leg bones articulate with or join the pelvicbones, pelvic girdle, and the arm bones articulate with theshoulder bones, or pectoral girdle. A comparison of the skele-ton of the toad (fig. 9) with that of man (fig. 166 A)shows that while the different bones vary in relative size andshape, the same regions are laid down in each. 329
Text Appearing After Image:
S1 Co li FIG. 166 B. Side viewof spinal column.C-l to 7, cervical ver-tebrae; D-l to 12, dor-sal vertebras; L-l to5, lumbar vertebrae;S. 1. sacrum; Co. 1-4coccyx. (After Mar-tin.) FIG. 166 A. Bony and cartilaginous skeleton, a, left parietal bone of cran-ium; b, frontal bone; c, cervical vertebras; d, sternum; e> lumbar verte-brae; /, ulna; g, radius; /;, carpals; -i, meta-carpals; k, phalanges; /,tibia; in, fibula; n, tarsal bones; o, metatarsals; p, phalanges; g, pa-tella (knee-pan); r, femur; s, pelvis; t, humerus; u, clavicle. (AfterMartin.) THE SKELETON AND MUSCLES A The vertebral column (fig. 166).--The long backbonein man is composed of separate ringlike pieces, called verte-bra, placed one above the other. Each has several lateral pro-jections for the attachment of muscles and for interlocking __ adjacent vertebrae. The vertebrae areheld together bystrong ligaments,passing from one ver-tebra to another. Thefirst seven vertebraeare called cervical orneck vertebrae. Thenext t