The biology of the amphibia (1931) (20373898572)

Title: The biology of the amphibia
Identifier: biologyofamphibi00nobl (find matches)
Year: 1931 (1930s)
Authors: Noble, Gladwyn Kingsley, 1894-1940
Subjects: Amphibians
Publisher: New York : McGraw-Hill
Contributing Library: ASC - York University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: York University - University of Toronto Libraries



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RELATIONSHIPS AND CLASSIFICATION 469 of Europe. The closely allied, if not identical, Andrias has been found in the Miocene and Upper Oligocene of the same region. A fossil cryptobranchid, Plicognathus, has been described from
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Fig. 145.—Diagram illustrating the phylogeny of the urodeles. The heavy- black arrows indicate the phylogenetic relations. The narrow, horizontal arrows represent the ontogeny of the various families. The degree of metamorphosis of the hyobranchial apparatus is employed as the chief criterion of metamorphosis in this diagram. The "permanent larvae" are not closely related but have been derived from different groups. the Lower Pliocene of Nebraska. Hence the family at one time must have had much greater distribution than now. The crypto- branchids are river salamanders, japonicus usually frequenting smaller streams than alleganiensis.