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The Umbrian fields of Italy. Following in the footsteps of fathers who were killed in the war, these Italian orphans are working in the vineyards, using time old methods of pruning the grapevines that have made Italy world famous for her beautiful landscapes and her fine wines. Members of the Agricultural Colony at Collestrada, a vocational school orphanage under direction of the Junior Red Cross of America, they are paving the way to an independent future. Carefully they are twining the tender vines over an elaborate scaffolding of twigs, thus giving support to them until they begin climbing over the skeleton of ash and poplar trees
Famous "Show Places" Now Homes. Beautiful villas and chateaux in Europe that for centuries have been the dwellings of great people whose names were familiar around the world as well as many of such historical significance that they were the mecca of travellers now ring with the childish laughter of obscure and poverty stricken children or echo the cries of pain and weariness that have been their war inheritance. This great villa in Vincenza, loaned to the Junior Red Cross of America by an Italian Duke, shelters several hundred of these lonely waifs. Some of them are lost from their families whild others are entirely orphaned. An agricultural training is an educational feature of this orphanage and beautiful gardens surrounding it now serve an ultra practical purpose
Black sheep of the Balkans. This is the mascot of the American Red Cross Unit at Tirana, Albania, where a hospital dispensary and childrens school have been established. Black sheep are the most valuable livestock in the Balkans. Their wool is spun and woven into garments without dyeing, thereby eliminating an expensive process in the Balkans. This lamb was presented to Miss Margaret Mosely-Williams, the nurse in the picture by a grateful Albanian patient in the Red Cross hospital
Bringing home the cows. American soldiersm convalescent patients at the big Salisbury Hospital near Southampton, England are learning farming on the 186-acre farm attached to the Hospital. The photograph shows some of the prize Jerseys and Guernseys, sixty of which were given to the American Red Cross by the Farmers of the Islands of Jersey and Guernsey. At one side of the picture are seem some of the trees of the Hospital Farm Orchards, while beyond, over the tops of the trees, are seen the roofs of the Farm Greenhouses
The Best Farm in Montenegro. Here is the most fertile farm in the smallest and least productive of all the Balkan states, Montenegro. It consists of thirty acres and was bought with money earned in the American steel mills. For the owner emigrated to America and remained for six years. He returned and invested his savings in this land and is now considered wealthy by his fellow countrymen. He has three head of cattle and a flock of sheep and goats. His home, a one-room shack can be seen to the left. The fence that encloses his truck garden he built himself, weaving it from brush. He is one of the few who did not need American aid, which was brought to Montenegro by the Red Cross immediately after the armistice. This "prosperous" farm gives an idea of the condition of the other farmers of the country who have not so much or such fertile ground
Market Day at Ryeka. This picturesque scene at the northern end of Lake Scutari is repeated every week when market day is held. Poling their queer little boats along the shores, the peasant people come from the foothills with their produce and livestock. Sheep, pigs, and goats are carried in these frail looking craft along with the children. Most of the business is done by trading one article or animal for anther with very little actual money changing hands. Clothing is one of the articles that is rarely dealt in, it is so scarce. But the American Red Cross has established a relief station at this little trading post and all these who are ragged are given cast off American garments
In the Mountains of Montenegro. An aged mountaineer and his wife in front of their one-room stone house in the heart of of the Black Mountain Country. Their condition, ragged and comfortless, is typical of these people today. Their only possession of any value is the cow in the foreground. This ownership gives them a standing in the community, because cattle are rare since the enemy invasion. It is this type of people: hard-working, innocent victims of a great world upheaval that the American Red Cross is trying to aid in its relief work in the Balkans
Sabine Women Famous Beauties. Age has not withered the "infinite variety" of beauty that centuries ago was synonomous with the Sabine woman and gave her a name in history. Her regular features, glorious dark eyes and riotous curls still tally with descriptions of those siren women who lured the sons of Numa. Nor are the earthen jars which they carry on their heads with consummate grace very different from the old designs in Etruscan then in use. Many of these women in Sezze are now widowed by war or from the deadly malaria which takes enormous toll in lives each year from men working in the lowland marshes. They live a simple toilsome life in isolated hill towns knowing little or nothing of modern times. At one of the school orphanages maintained by the Junior Red Cross cared for temporarily and given an education that will fit them for useful self supporting occupations
Cow at the Living Historical Farm
Cows of History. Extraordinarily beautiful and picturesque are the long-horned, snow white cows of the Tuscan valleys in Italy. Their horns measure about twenty inches across and their silky tails often sweep the ground. Since the war they are becoming very scarce owing to lack of fodder, and land holders are haunted by mythological tales of the Middle Ages when they disappeared altogether. Invaders from the North brought this breed of cattle into Italy and they were so admired by the early Romans that they each year offered up the whitest and most beautiful one as a sacrifice, gilding its horns and garlanding them with rare flowers. The Italian government presented this pair to the Agricultural Colony of the Junior Red Cross of America orphanage and vocational school where several hundred war orphans are learning scientific farming and undergoing training for their future independence
Summary
Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card.
Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: ARC Paris Office.
Data: Jr. Red Cross, T.T. & C., Southwest Div.
Group title: Jr. Red Cross, Italy. Farm School.
Gift; American National Red Cross 1944 and 1952.
General information about the American National Red Cross photograph collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.anrc
Temp note: Batch 24
American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) encountered a multitude of orphaned children when they joined the war in 1917. Grassroots orphans’ relief efforts sprang up in France as early as 1914. A 1916 advertisement in The New York Times stated that in August of 1914, a group of drafted factory workers demanded that an organization should be formed to care for their potentially parent-less children. This first charity was founded by M. Vilta, the head of the Paris Université Populaire. It was known as the Association Les Orphelins de la Guerre, War Orphans’ Association. In 1915, the CNSA (National Relief and Food Committee) created the Oeuvre nationale des orphelins de guerre (National war orphans charity) in order to help children who had lost their parents due to the war. This section was created with the support of the very active Commission For Relief in Belgium (CRB). Across the Atlantic ocean, they were supported by a broad network of charitable donors and private citizens including philanthropist William D. Guthrie, Catholic Archbishop John Cardinal Farley, US Supreme Court Chief Justice Howard Douglass White, and French ambassador William H. Sharp, the American Society for the Relief of French War Orphans, which solicited funds from Yale University. In August of 1914, a group of New York-based philanthropists, and several former French residents including August F. Jaccacci, Mrs. Cooper Hewitt and Frederick René Coudert Jr. began the most wide-reaching orphans’ relief organizations, the Franco-American Committee for the Protection of Children of the Frontier. The Committee was assisted by the Service de Transport France-Amerique, a shipping service for transferring goods across the ocean to help the French. The Committee spread and advertisements printed in publications like the Chicago Tribune. Funds collected from the solicitation on the orphans’ behalf by the American public through the advertisements paid for ophan’s care and education that reportedly cost “16 cents a day.” In addition to relief agencies’ fundraising campaigns, the US Red Cross hosted several large-scale Child Welfare Expositions in Saint Etienne, Lyons, and Marseilles in 1917. By December 1, 1917, the Franco-American Committee for the Protection of Children of the Frontier recorded that they had aided 1,365 children. Despite the war environment, most of the children in American Red Cross photographs appear to be calm and well-fed despite their uprooting and the horrors that they may have witnessed. On April 12, 1918 Stars and Stripes newspaper reported that 38 children were adopted by Infantry companies. The Great War resulted in six million orphans across Europe.